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The Gut Microbiome and the Influence of Non-Antibiotic Medication
In a previous article, I discussed the profound effects that antibiotics have on the gut microbiome. Other medications greatly influence the microbiota, as well. One of the most widely-used medications is the proton pump inhibitor (PPI). In fact, in 2013 esomeprazole (Nexium, also known as “the purple pill”) was the second largest revenue-making drug in the United States.
Why should antibiotic stewardship be important to the patient?
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), antibiotics have advanced medical care by treating previously known fatal conditions and extending life. Yet, the inappropriate use of these medications can contribute to antibiotic resistance, adverse risks (like C. diff), longer hospital stays, higher medical costs, and negatively affect population health [1]. In fact, antibiotic resistance can be a factor to medical harm, causing 2 million infections and 23,000 deaths annually [2]. Judicious use of antibiotics is therefore important, yet the CDC relates that 30% of prescribing in both inpatient and outpatient settings are not necessary [1, 2].
Gut Microbiome and Mental Health
The relationship between the body and the trillions of bacteria and other microbes it harbors is extremely complex and continues to be discovered. A high diversity of microbes is beneficial to the body and is characteristic of a resilient environment. On the other hand, low diversity can contribute to disease. This can be related to poor diet, antibiotics, obesity, stress, and other factors [1]. The gut microbiome (the term for the abundance of microorganisms and their environment) can plan a role in mental well-being, in addition to physical health.
Children and Constipation
Constipation is a huge problem among children and adults alike. Among the pediatric population, there is a global prevalence of 9.5 to 16% [1], affecting more children in the United States and Europe than in Africa.
Impact of Fiber on Overall Health
Gut health has been widely publicized in recent years. As the largest microbiome within the human body, the intestine houses an abundance of microbes that have important functions. These microbes direct biological processes [1], including immune function, glucose and lipid metabolism, and brain and nervous system communication.